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HelpEPIC ORDER CODE LAB1110 Vitamin K1, Serum
Additional Codes
SQ:VITKMM
Useful For
Assessing circulating vitamin K1 concentration
Method Name
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Reporting Name
Vitamin K1, SSpecimen Type
SerumSpecimen Required
Patient Preparation: Fasting overnight (12-14 hours) (infants-collect prior to next feeding).
Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube 5 mL (T914)
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Red top
Acceptable: Serum gel
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 2 mL
Collection Instructions: Within 2 hours of collection, centrifuge and aliquot serum into a plastic vial.
Specimen Minimum Volume
0.75 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 30 days | |
| Ambient | 30 days | ||
| Frozen | 30 days |
Reject Due To
| Gross hemolysis | OK |
| Gross lipemia | Reject |
| Gross icterus | OK |
Clinical Information
Vitamin K1, or phylloquinone, is part of a group of similar fat-soluble vitamins in which the 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone ring is common. Phylloquinone is found in high amounts in leafy green vegetables and some fruits (avocado, kiwi). It is a required cofactor involved in the gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues of several proteins. Most notably, the inactive forms of the coagulation factors prothrombin (factor II), factors VII, IX, and X, and proteins S and C are converted to their active forms by the transformation of glutamate residues to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). Other proteins such as those involved in bone metabolism, cell growth, and apoptosis also undergo this Gla transformation. Measurement of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in fasting serum is a strong indicator of dietary intake and status.
Reference Values
<18 years: Not established
≥18 years: 0.10-2.20 ng/mL
Interpretation
Low vitamin K1 concentrations in the serum are indicative of insufficiency and poor vitamin K1 status.
Clinical Reference
1. Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin K Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. National Institutes of Health; Updated March 29, 2021. Accessed April 23, 2024. Available at https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminK-HealthProfessional/
2. Lippi G, Franchini M. Vitamin K in neonates: Facts and myths. Blood Transfus. 2011;9(1):4-9. doi:10.2450/2010.0034-10
3. Greer FR. Vitamin K the basics-What's new? Early Hum Dev. 2010;86 Suppl 1:43-7. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.015
Method Description
Deuterated stable isotope (vitamin K1-d7) is added to a serum sample as an internal standard. Protein is precipitated from the mixture by the addition of ethanol. Vitamin K1 and internal standard are extracted from the resulting supernatant by solid-phase extraction. Vitamin K1 and internal standard are then separated utilizing high-throughput liquid chromatography with analysis on a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a heated nebulizer ion source using multiple-reaction monitoring.(Unpublished Mayo method)
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Report Available
2 to 5 daysSpecimen Retention Time
14 daysPerforming Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Test Classification
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.CPT Code Information
84597
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| VITK1 | Vitamin K1, S | 9622-2 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| 62167 | Vitamin K1, S | 9622-2 |
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a General Request (T239) with the specimen.